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Related Concept Videos

Correlations02:20

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Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Related Experiment Video

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Noninvasive, High-throughput Determination of Sleep Duration in Rodents
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Sleep duration and auditory hallucinations: Genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Minglan Yu1, Yanhong Du2, Kezhi Liu2

  • 1Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|May 17, 2021
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Summary

This study found genetic links between sleep problems and psychotic experiences. Longer sleep duration may increase the risk of auditory hallucinations, suggesting sleep treatment is vital for mental health.

Keywords:
Auditory hallucinationsGenetic correlationMendelian randomizationSleep duration

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Genetics
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sleep problems are linked to psychotic experiences (PEs), but confounding factors remain unclear.
  • Previous observational studies highlight associations, necessitating genetic investigation.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) offer a powerful tool to explore these relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic correlations between sleep traits and PEs.
  • To determine the causal relationship between sleep-related traits and PEs.
  • To utilize large-scale GWAS summary statistics for robust analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GWAS summary statistics for positive PEs and various sleep traits (insomnia, duration, morningness, etc.).
  • Employed Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) to assess genetic correlations.
  • Conducted Mendelian Randomization (MR) to infer causal relationships between associated traits.

Main Results:

  • Significant genetic correlations found between auditory hallucinations and insomnia complaints, sleep duration, and ease of getting up.
  • Visual hallucinations showed a strong genetic correlation with insomnia complaints.
  • Mendelian randomization revealed a unidirectional causal link: increased sleep duration elevates the risk of auditory hallucinations.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep duration is a significant risk factor for auditory hallucinations.
  • Treating sleep problems should be prioritized in mental health services.
  • Genetic analysis provides crucial insights into the complex relationship between sleep and psychosis.