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Sex differences in daily timekeeping and circadian clock circuits
Deborah A M Joye1, Jennifer A Evans1
1Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|May 17, 2021
Summary
Biological sex and sex hormones significantly influence daily rhythms and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) circuitry. Further research is needed to fully understand these sex differences in circadian function and their health implications.
Area of Science:
- Chronobiology
- Neuroendocrinology
- Physiology
Background:
- The circadian system, orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), governs daily rhythms crucial for health.
- Circadian rhythms are pervasive, with nearly every cell exhibiting daily oscillations.
- Sex differences in these rhythms are observed in humans, necessitating investigation into biological sex's role.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of biological sex and gonadal hormones on daily rhythms.
- To focus on behavioral and SCN circuitry alterations in common preclinical animal models.
- To identify knowledge gaps in understanding sex-modulated circadian function.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating sex differences in circadian rhythms.
- Analysis of research focusing on gonadal hormone effects on behavior and SCN.
- Examination of data from commonly used animal models in preclinical research.
Main Results:
- Evidence indicates that biological sex and gonadal hormones modulate circadian rhythms.
- Observed effects vary across different behaviors and SCN circuitries.
- Animal models provide insights into the mechanisms underlying these sex differences.
Conclusions:
- Biological sex and gonadal hormones are significant modulators of circadian rhythms.
- Further research is essential to elucidate the complexities of sex differences in circadian function.
- Understanding these differences is critical for advancing health-related research and treatments.
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