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Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
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Comparative Study of Morphology and Distribution of Valves in Human Retromandibular Vein

Norio Kasahara1,2, Satoru Matsunaga3,2, Masahito Yamamoto3,2

  • 1Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College.

The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College
|May 17, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Human retromandibular vein valves resemble trunk veins, differing from limb veins. These valves retain blood, potentially causing significant hemorrhage due to their anatomical connections.

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Venous valves are crucial for unidirectional blood flow, particularly in the limbs.
  • The morphology and function of valves in cranial and trunk veins are less understood compared to limb veins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution and morphological characteristics of valves within the human retromandibular vein.
  • To compare the retromandibular vein valves with those found in limb (femoral, brachial) and trunk (internal thoracic, azygos) veins.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of retromandibular, internal thoracic, azygos, femoral, and brachial veins from 46 human cadavers.
  • Measurement of valve frequency, cusp length, and vein thickness.

Main Results:

  • High frequency (92.1%) of valves observed in limb veins with long cusps.
  • Lower valve frequency and shorter cusps noted in trunk veins.
  • Retromandibular vein valves exhibited characteristics similar to trunk veins in frequency and morphology.

Conclusions:

  • Retromandibular vein valves share similarities with trunk vein valves, suggesting a role in blood retention rather than preventing retrograde flow.
  • The morphology of retromandibular vein valves may contribute to significant hemorrhage risk due to their vascular connections.

Keywords:
Anatomical studyHemorrhageJaw surgeryRetromandibular veinVenous valves

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