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Design of Paper-Based Visual Analogue Scale Items.

Klemens Weigl1,2,3, Thomas Forstner4

  • 1Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany.

Educational and Psychological Measurement
|May 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers found preferred design characteristics for paper-based visual analogue scale (VAS) items. Participants favored a horizontal, 8-cm black line with specific endpoints and numerical anchors, with no gender differences observed.

Keywords:
VASgenderitem designpaper-basedvisual analogue scale items

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological research methods
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Measurement in psychology

Background:

  • Paper-based visual analogue scales (VAS) are a century-old tool, historically popular for pain assessment in clinical and medical research.
  • Their application in broader psychological research has been limited but is growing with digitization.
  • VAS are increasingly utilized for both computerized and paper-based data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate preferred design characteristics of paper-based visual analogue scale (VAS) items.
  • To determine if preferred designs differ between male and female participants.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 115 participants (68 female) evaluated various paper-based VAS item designs.
  • Participants indicated their preferences for specific design elements.

Main Results:

  • A consensus emerged regarding preferred VAS design: horizontal, 8-cm long, 3 DTP wide, black line.
  • Preferred endpoints were flat, with ascending numerical anchors from "0" to "10".
  • No significant gender differences were found in these design preferences.

Conclusions:

  • Clear preferences exist for designing paper-based VAS items, irrespective of gender.
  • Standardizing these design elements could enhance data consistency and comparability in psychological research.
  • Further research could explore the impact of these design choices on data quality.