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A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
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Mechanisms Underlying Pneumococcal Transmission and Factors Influencing Host-Pneumococcus Interaction: A Review

Ayumi Morimura1, Shigeto Hamaguchi1,2, Yukihiro Akeda1,2,3

  • 1Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|May 17, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Understanding Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission is crucial for preventing pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Novel animal models are advancing research into how pneumococcus spreads between hosts.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a common colonizer and a significant pathogen causing pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis.
  • While pneumococcal infection mechanisms are well-studied, transmission processes remain unclear due to limited animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel animal models for studying pneumococcal transmission.
  • To summarize recent findings on pneumococcal transmission mechanisms.
  • To explore factors influencing host-pneumococcus interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal models of pneumococcal transmission.
  • Analysis of research on pneumococcal shedding, environmental survival, and host adherence.
  • Synthesis of data on host-pathogen interactions in pneumococcal transmission.

Main Results:

  • Development of tractable animal models has facilitated transmission research.
  • Key transmission processes like shedding, environmental survival, and nasopharyngeal adherence are being elucidated.
  • Factors influencing host-pneumococcus interactions are being identified.

Conclusions:

  • Novel animal models are critical for understanding pneumococcal transmission.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate transmission dynamics and inform prevention strategies.
  • Understanding host-pneumococcus interactions is key to controlling pneumococcal disease spread.
Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaeanimal modelsbacterial sheddingbacterial transmissionpneumococcal transmission

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