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Related Concept Videos

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

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Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

13.6K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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RNA and liquid-liquid phase separation.

Qi Guo1, Xiangmin Shi1, Xiangting Wang1

  • 1Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.

Non-Coding RNA Research
|May 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) involves cellular droplets crucial for cell stability. Emerging research highlights the vital regulatory role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in driving and responding to these phase separation events.

Keywords:
Liquid-liquid phase separationLong noncoding RNARNA regulationTranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) is a fundamental cellular process where biomolecules form distinct liquid-like droplets.
  • These condensates are essential for organizing cellular functions and maintaining intracellular order.
  • Historically, protein-protein interactions were the primary focus in LLPS research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize recent findings on the interplay between RNA and LLPS.
  • To emphasize the regulatory function of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in phase separation processes.
  • To explore the bidirectional regulatory relationship between RNA and LLPS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on RNA and LLPS.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on the role of non-coding RNA in driving phase separation.
  • Examination of evidence for LLPS involvement in RNA-related cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • Non-coding RNAs, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are increasingly recognized as key regulators of LLPS.
  • ncRNAs act as molecular scaffolds, recruiting proteins to initiate and stabilize phase-separated condensates.
  • LLPS processes are shown to influence various aspects of RNA biology, including transcription, transport, and metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • RNA, especially ncRNA, plays a critical and multifaceted role in regulating LLPS within cells.
  • The relationship between RNA and LLPS is bidirectional, with each influencing the other.
  • Understanding this interplay is crucial for comprehending cellular organization and function.