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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Elasticity in Concrete01:20

Elasticity in Concrete

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Upon subjecting concrete to moderate or high uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the strain response is non-linear relative to the stress applied. As the stress is removed, the resulting stress-strain curve deviates from the original path traced during loading, creating a hysteresis loop, indicative of the concrete's non-linear and non-elastic properties. Typically, a material's modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the material's stiffness, is inferred from the linear...
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Hooke's Law01:26

Hooke's Law

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Hooke's law, a pivotal principle in material science, establishes that the strain a material undergoes is directly proportional to the applied stress, defined by a factor called the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus.
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

150
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

139
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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385
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound
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Aortic Elasticity and Arsenic Exposure: A Step Function rather than a Linear Function.

Jaeil Ahn1, Steven H Lamm2,3, Hamid Ferdosi3,4

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
|May 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arsenic exposure above 160 μg/L in drinking water significantly impacts aortic elasticity, a hypertension risk factor. A threshold model better explains this non-linear relationship than previous linear models.

Keywords:
Aortic elasticityarsenicthreshold

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Noncarcinogenic effects of arsenic exposure lack dose-response analyses, unlike carcinogenic effects.
  • Aortic elasticity is a key risk factor for hypertension.
  • Previous studies often used linear models for arsenic exposure effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the dose-response relationship between urinary arsenic levels and aortic elasticity.
  • To compare alternative statistical models for noncarcinogenic arsenic effects.
  • To identify a potential threshold for noncarcinogenic arsenic toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of occupational health data from Ankara, Turkey.
  • Application of fitted step-function, stratified, and weighted linear regression models.
  • Comparison with a linear no-threshold model.

Main Results:

  • A discontinuity was observed at 160 μg/L urinary arsenic.
  • Aortic strain was significantly lower in workers with arsenic levels > 160 μg/L (5.33%) compared to those ≤ 160 μg/L (11.3%).
  • A threshold model with a threshold at 160 μg/L provided the best fit to the data.

Conclusions:

  • A threshold effect exists for noncarcinogenic arsenic exposure on aortic elasticity.
  • The findings suggest a non-linear, threshold-based relationship for arsenic's impact on cardiovascular health.
  • Alternative modeling approaches are recommended for future arsenic-related health studies.