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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

42.9K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
42.9K
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Law of Effect01:06

Law of Effect

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B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle...
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

121.9K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
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Correction to: The Beethoven Revolution: A Case Study in Selection by Consequence.

Ruth Anne Rehfeldt1, Stephanie Chan1, Brian Katz1

  • 1The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, 325 North Wells Street, Chicago, IL 60654 USA.

Perspectives on Behavior Science
|May 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study corrects a previous article DOI. The corrected DOI ensures accurate citation and retrieval of scientific information for researchers.

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Scientific Publishing
  • Scholarly Communication

Context:

  • Accurate citation is crucial for scientific integrity.
  • Proper referencing facilitates knowledge dissemination.
  • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are essential for locating research.

Purpose:

  • To provide the correct Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for a previously published article.
  • To ensure the scientific record is accurate and accessible.
  • To facilitate correct referencing by researchers.

Summary:

  • This entry serves as a correction notice for a scientific article.
  • The correct DOI is provided to rectify a previous error.
  • This ensures the article can be accurately found and cited.

Impact:

  • Improves the accuracy of the scientific literature.
  • Enhances the retrievability of research findings.
  • Supports reliable scholarly communication and data integrity.