Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.0K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.0K
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

6.1K
Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
6.1K
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

9.0K
Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
9.0K
Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

3.8K
Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
3.8K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

7.7K
Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in...
7.7K
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

39.3K
VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
39.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations Between Acute Heat Exposure and Hospitalization for Takotsubo Syndrome in the State of California, 2006 to 2019.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists are Associated With Reduced Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis.

Journal of clinical gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Endogenous and exogenous determinants of sex differences in blood pressure.

NPJ cardiovascular health·2026
Same author

Association of cardiometabolic disease with subclinical cardiac remodeling in men vs women in the Framingham Heart Study.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Remembering James Forrester: A Legend of Cardiology.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Neighborhood Level Social Determinants of Health and Loss of Blood Pressure Control.

American journal of hypertension·2026
Same journal

Harnessing Naphthalimide Scaffolds for Sustainable CO<sub>2</sub> Utilization: A Metal-, Halide-, and Solvent-Free Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Cycloaddition via Sequential Two-Photon Activation.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Protein-Independent Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Adenosine Triphosphate Under Crowded Conditions.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of Conformationally Locked and sp<sup>2</sup>-sp<sup>3</sup> Fused Hybrids.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Decoding Heptazine Architectures: From Molecular Association to Structural Insight.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

An Electrophilic Uridine Building Block for Post-Synthetic RNA Modification as Exemplified for Spin Labeling.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Recent Advances in Pd-Catalyzed Directed meta-C-H Olefination: Strategies and Outlook.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.9K

Trends in Conjugated Chalcogenophenes: A Theoretical Study.

Valentina Topolskaia1, Adam A Pollit1, Susan Cheng1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heavy atom substitution in chalcogenophenes improves conjugated polymer properties. Heavier elements like polonium enhance quinoidal character, reducing band gaps and increasing planarity for better electronic devices.

Keywords:
Chalcogensconjugated polymersdensity functional calculationsp-type dopingpolonophene

More Related Videos

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
07:50

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

9.5K
Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
09:35

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.9K
Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
07:50

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

9.5K
Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
09:35

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Thiophene monomers are widely used in conjugated polymers.
  • Limited understanding of heavier chalcogenophenes' molecular properties.
  • Heavy atom substitution is key for tuning polymer characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of Group 16 heteroatoms on polychalcogenophenes.
  • Analyze effects on bond length, chain twisting, aromaticity, and optical properties.
  • Explore neutral and radical cationic species.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Examination of molecular and electronic properties.
  • Optical property analysis.

Main Results:

  • Heavier chalcogenophenes exhibit increased quinoidal character.
  • Reduced band gaps and enhanced planarity observed.
  • P-type doping leads to delocalized electronic structures and polaron formation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding molecular properties of heavy chalcogenophenes is crucial for material design.
  • These findings aid in developing novel conjugated polymers for electronic applications.
  • Exploration of main group containing polymers is vital for advancing electronic devices.