Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

6.8K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.8K
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

11.9K
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
11.9K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.2K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.2K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

10.2K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.2K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.9K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.9K
Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

56.0K
Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
56.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>ANKRD2</i> Knockdown as a Therapeutic Strategy in Osteosarcoma: Effects on Proliferation and Drug Response in U2OS and HOS Cells.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Phospholipase Cδ-4 (PLCδ4) Acts as a Nuclear Player to Influence Cyclin B Expression in the Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines RD and A204.

Biomolecules·2024
Same author

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Prevents Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Brown Adipocyte Dysfunction.

Cells·2023
Same author

Alternative Splicing, RNA Editing, and the Current Limits of Next Generation Sequencing.

Genes·2023
Same author

Phospholipase Family Enzymes in Lung Cancer: Looking for Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

Cancers·2023
Same author

Extracellular vesicle-associated IGF2BP3 tunes Ewing sarcoma cell migration and affects PI3K/Akt pathway in neighboring cells.

Cancer gene therapy·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

12.2K

Opposing forces fight over the same ground to regulate interferon signaling.

William L Blalock1,2

  • 1'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza' Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy.

The Biochemical Journal
|May 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

PACT and TRBP oppositely regulate RIG-I signaling, a key pathway in the host cellular response to viral pathogens. PACT stimulates RIG-I, while TRBP inhibits it, revealing complex co-regulation mechanisms.

More Related Videos

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

13.6K
Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization
08:57

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

12.2K
High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

13.6K
Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization
08:57

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has renewed interest in interferon signaling pathways crucial for antiviral defense.
  • While the RIG-I/MAVS/IRF3 pathway is a primary mechanism for interferon induction, its regulation remains incompletely understood.
  • DICER interacting proteins PACT and TRBP are known to influence cellular processes, including RNA interference and antiviral responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of PACT and TRBP in regulating RIG-I-mediated signaling during viral infections.
  • To elucidate the specific mechanisms by which PACT and TRBP modulate RIG-I activity.
  • To understand the implications of these interactions for interferon induction and host antiviral immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental examination of the RIG-I/MAVS/IRF3 signaling pathway.
  • Assays to determine the effects of PACT and TRBP on RIG-I signaling.
  • Analysis of protein-protein interactions and functional domains (dsRNA-binding, phosphorylation sites).

Main Results:

  • PACT was found to stimulate RIG-I-mediated signaling, independent of its dsRNA-binding ability or phosphorylation status relevant to PKR activation.
  • TRBP was identified as an inhibitor of RIG-I-mediated signaling, a novel finding.
  • TRBP's inhibitory function required its dsRNA-binding ability but not phosphorylation sites important for PKR inhibition, nor did it involve PACT or PKR.

Conclusions:

  • PACT and TRBP exert opposing regulatory effects on RIG-I signaling, highlighting a complex co-regulatory network.
  • These findings reveal new insights into the intricate mechanisms governing interferon induction and antiviral responses.
  • The study suggests a coordinated regulation involving RIG-I, PKR, MDA5, and microRNA processing in host defense.