Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...

The Retina

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Chronic exposure to aerosolized Arizona test dust reduces visual acuity in mice.

Toxicology reports·2026

Same author

Molecular mechanism of calcium permeability and magnesium block in NMDA receptors.

Nature neuroscience·2026

Same author

The effects of optic nerve sheath fenestration on visual function and OCT metrics in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a retrospective study.

Frontiers in ophthalmology·2026

Same author

Artificial Intelligence for Diagnostic Guidance in Ocular Surface Disorders.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography in Optic Nerve Head Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

On the mechanism of calcium permeability and magnesium block in NMDA receptors - a central molecular paradigm in neuroplasticity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same journal

Advancing Retinal Vessel Analysis: Reproducibility of Myogenic Constriction and Assessment of Regulatory Capacity.

Translational vision science & technology·2026

Same journal

Optical Quality and Centration Stability of a Novel Capsule Reconstructor for Intraocular Lens Fixation: Laboratory Evaluation of the fixOflex Device.

Translational vision science & technology·2026

Same journal

The Role of Nrf2 in SIRT1-Mediated RGC Neuroprotection in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.

Translational vision science & technology·2026

Same journal

Explicit Inclusion of Diabetes Mellitus Without Retinopathy Within Diabetic Retinopathy Prediction.

Translational vision science & technology·2026

Same journal

Preclinical Safety and Feasibility Study of Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography for Ophthalmology Applications.

Translational vision science & technology·2026

Same journal

Pathogenicity Analysis of Two Novel CRB1 Mutations in Three Chinese Inherited Retinal Dystrophy Families and a Literature Review.

Translational vision science & technology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Immunohistochemical and Calcium Imaging Methods in Wholemount Rat Retina

Immunohistochemical and Calcium Imaging Methods in Wholemount Rat Retina

Published on: October 13, 2014

Compartmental Differences in Macular Retinal Ganglion Cell Function.

Diego Alba¹, Amy M Huang¹, Shiva Roghaee¹

¹Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Translational Vision Science & Technology

|May 18, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Normal macular retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function shows regional variations in amplitude and adaptation, potentially indicating localized vulnerabilities in optic nerve disorders. This study used steady-state pattern electroretinograms (SS-PERGs) to map these differences.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Primary Murine Retinal Ganglion Cells RGCs by Flow Cytometry

Isolation of Primary Murine Retinal Ganglion Cells RGCs by Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 5, 2017

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Published on: May 22, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Immunohistochemical and Calcium Imaging Methods in Wholemount Rat Retina

Immunohistochemical and Calcium Imaging Methods in Wholemount Rat Retina

Published on: October 13, 2014

Isolation of Primary Murine Retinal Ganglion Cells RGCs by Flow Cytometry

Isolation of Primary Murine Retinal Ganglion Cells RGCs by Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 5, 2017

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Published on: May 22, 2017

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience
Retinal Physiology

Background:

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are crucial for vision, transmitting visual information to the brain.
Understanding RGC function is vital for diagnosing and managing optic nerve disorders.
Local variations in RGC function may influence susceptibility to specific pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate regional differences in macular RGC function.
To utilize steady-state pattern electroretinograms (SS-PERGs) for mapping RGC function.
To correlate functional findings with known RGC densities and potential disease vulnerabilities.

Main Methods:

Recorded SS-PERGs in 43 healthy subjects using specific grating stimuli on an LED display.
Partitioned the macula into sectors (inferior, nasal, superior, temporal) and concentric regions (central, annulus).
Measured response amplitude, adaptation, latency, and oscillatory potentials (OPs) amplitude, analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) statistics.

Main Results:

Significant differences in RGC response amplitude were found between sectors and concentric regions (P < 0.001).
Adaptation varied significantly between sectors (P = 0.004) but not concentrically.
Latency and OP amplitude showed no significant differences across regions.

Conclusions:

Macular RGC function exhibits distinct regional variations in amplitude and adaptation.
These functional differences may mirror RGC densities and suggest localized vulnerability in optic nerve disorders.
Location-independent OPs might indicate preganglionic activity.