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Area of Science:

  • * Statistical Physics
  • * Condensed Matter Physics
  • * Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • * Investigating mass transport in systems with aggregation, chipping, and fragmentation.
  • * Understanding phase transitions in non-equilibrium systems.
  • * Exploring the behavior of conserved-mass aggregation processes on a ring lattice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To calculate the bulk-diffusion coefficient and conductivity.
  • * To investigate the validity of the Einstein relation in non-equilibrium systems.
  • * To characterize the nonequilibrium condensation transition.

Main Methods:

  • * Analytical calculations of diffusion and conductivity.
  • * Theoretical modeling of conserved-mass aggregation, chipping, and fragmentation.
  • * Comparison of analytical results with simulation data.

Main Results:

  • * Systems satisfy an Einstein relation connecting conductivity, diffusion, and mass fluctuation, even without time-reversibility.
  • * Conductivity is significantly enhanced when aggregation dominates over chipping, leading to increased mass fluctuation.
  • * Conductivity and mass fluctuation diverge at a critical density, signaling a mobility-driven clustering and characterizing the condensation transition.

Conclusions:

  • * The Einstein relation holds for these non-equilibrium systems.
  • * Enhanced conductivity drives clustering and a phase transition.
  • * The condensation transition can be understood as a conductivity instability.