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Criticality in sheared, disordered solids. II. Correlations in avalanche dynamics.

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Disordered solids exhibit crackling noise from plastic activity avalanches. A new theory explains power spectra across strain rates, revealing how avalanche size limits impact dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics of disordered materials
  • Nonlinear dynamics and complex systems
  • Statistical mechanics of phase transitions

Background:

  • Disordered solids display crackling noise, characterized by intermittent avalanches of plastic activity.
  • This phenomenon is analogous to critical phenomena in nonequilibrium systems.
  • Understanding the temporal dynamics and power spectra is crucial for characterizing material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the temporal power spectrum of activity in disordered solids under quasistatic and finite shear rates.
  • To develop and validate a new theory for power spectra, incorporating strain rate and system size dependencies.
  • To identify key exponents governing the yielding transition in disordered materials.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of temporal power spectra of plastic activity in disordered solids.
  • Derivation of a novel theoretical framework for power spectra under varying strain rates.
  • Validation of the theory using 2D and 3D molecular dynamics simulations.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct domains in the temporal power spectrum: power-law rise, white-noise, and power-law decay.
  • Demonstrated that increasing strain rate shrinks the white-noise regime by limiting avalanche size.
  • Derived a theory validated by simulations, characterizing exponents like dynamic exponent z and fractal dimension.

Conclusions:

  • The derived theory accurately describes power spectra in both quasistatic and finite-strain-rate regimes.
  • Strain rate plays a critical role in modifying the dynamics and observable exponents of plastic avalanches.
  • The study provides insights into temporal correlations within and between avalanches during yielding.