Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
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Regulation of the apolipoprotein M signaling pathway: a review

Gangli Cheng1, Lu Zheng1

  • 1Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.

Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research
|May 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Apolipoprotein M (apoM) regulates high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions and is modulated by various factors. The apoM/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) axis impacts metabolism and inflammation, offering therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a key component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), influencing its diverse functions.
  • apoM plays critical roles in reverse cholesterol transport, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation.
  • The apoM/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) axis is integral to physiological processes, including metabolism and vascular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms governing apoM expression.
  • To summarize the physiological and pathological roles of apoM.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the apoM/S1P axis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on apoM regulation and function.
  • Analysis of transcription factor networks influencing apoM expression (FXR, SHP, LHR1, LXR, HNF-1α, c-Jun/JunB).
  • Examination of the apoM/S1P interaction and its signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • apoM expression is tightly regulated by multiple transcription factors and signaling pathways.
  • apoM, particularly when bound to S1P, modulates glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular barrier integrity, and inflammatory responses.
  • The apoM/S1P axis is implicated in various pathological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • apoM expression is a complex, multi-factorial process.
  • The apoM/S1P axis represents a significant signaling pathway with broad physiological and pathological relevance.
  • Understanding apoM regulation and function provides novel avenues for disease treatment.
Keywords:
Apolipoprotein Mhigh-density lipoproteinsignaling pathwaysphingosine 1-phosphatetranscription factor

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