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Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
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[Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis].

Masaaki Niino1, Yusei Miyazaki

  • 1Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|May 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system inflammatory disease. Early treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) can prevent progression and transition to secondary progressive MS.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Currently, definitive diagnostic tests or biomarkers for MS are lacking, necessitating the exclusion of other conditions.
  • The relapsing-remitting form represents a significant clinical course in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of early intervention with disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) in managing multiple sclerosis.
  • To highlight the critical timing and patient selection for optimal DMD efficacy.
  • To discuss the potential of DMDs in preventing disease progression and the transition to secondary progressive MS.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract is based on a review of clinical studies and established knowledge regarding multiple sclerosis treatment.

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  • The focus is on the clinical course of relapsing-remitting MS and the impact of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs).
  • Analysis of therapeutic strategies and their effectiveness in different stages of MS.

    • Main Results:

    • Early intervention with DMDs has been shown to prevent disease progression in MS.
    • Timely treatment can hinder the transition from relapsing-remitting MS to the secondary progressive form.
    • Identifying optimal windows of opportunity for DMDs is crucial for patient outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Strategic and timely administration of disease-modifying drugs is essential for managing multiple sclerosis.
    • Personalized treatment approaches, considering the appropriate patient and optimal timing, are key to maximizing therapeutic benefits.
    • Further research into optimizing DMDs and treatment strategies remains critical for improving the long-term prognosis of MS patients.