Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical and autonomic correlates of chronic Sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease: a questionnaire-based study with cluster analysis of autonomic and dysphagia burden.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Same author

Differential impact of smoking on intracerebral haemorrhage based on cerebral microbleed status: a case-control study.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

Impact of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease on Functional Decline: Bleeding With Antithrombotic Therapy 2 Study.

Stroke·2026

Same author

Discrepancies in symptom concerns and burden from the perspectives of parkinson's disease patients, caregivers, and physicians.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same author

Iba1 deficiency impairs microglial synaptic remodeling and neuronal survival after axonal injury.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026

Same author

Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Beyond 24 Hours After Onset: A Nationwide Registry-Based Analysis.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

[Neuropathological Autopsies in Japan: Current Scenario and Challenges].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026

Same journal

[Telemedicine and Digital Technologies in Neurological Intractable Diseases].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026

Same journal

[Disaster Countermeasures for Intractable Neurological Disease].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026

Same journal

[Supporting Health Care Transition for Patients with Childhood-Onset Chronic Conditions: Within Intractable Disease Care in Japan].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026

Same journal

[Multidisciplinary Collaboration between Hospitals and Clinics at the University Hospital and the Core Hospital for the Treatment of Intractable Diseases].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026

Same journal

[The Role of Coordinators for Intractable Diseases in Japan].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

[Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis].

Kenji Kufukihara¹, Jin Nakahara

¹Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo

|May 19, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is a CNS inflammatory disease causing disability. While no drugs are approved in Japan, ocrelizumab shows promise for PPMS treatment.

More Related Videos

Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: November 14, 2016

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: November 14, 2016

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is a chronic central nervous system inflammatory condition.
It is characterized by progressive demyelination, neurodegeneration, and accumulating disability from onset.
Pathological mechanisms include inflammation, axonal degeneration, microglial activation, mitochondrial injury, and excitotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of PPMS treatment.
To highlight the status of disease-modifying therapies for PPMS.

Main Methods:

Literature review of PPMS pathology and treatment options.
Analysis of approved therapies and clinical trial outcomes.

Main Results:

Ocrelizumab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is FDA-approved for PPMS.
Several disease-modifying drugs have shown efficacy in PPMS clinical trials.
No disease-modifying drugs are currently approved for PPMS in Japan.

Conclusions:

Effective treatment options for PPMS are emerging.
Further research and regulatory approvals are needed, particularly in Japan.
Ocrelizumab represents a significant advancement in PPMS management.