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Updated: Sep 12, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
Published on: June 9, 2010
Protocol for single-molecule fluorescence recovery after photobleaching microscopy to analyze the dynamics and
Mark Tingey1, Yichen Li1, Weidong Yang1
1Department of Biology Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
Abstract:
Single-molecule fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (smFRAP) is a newly developed technique that combines single-molecule super-resolution microscopy and traditional FRAP microscopy. smFRAP enables researchers to measure the dynamics, spatial locations, and relative concentrations of proteins. Here, we describe a step-by-step protocol for smFRAP on nuclear envelope transmembrane proteins on the inner nuclear membrane and outer nuclear membrane in live cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mudumbi et al. (2016a, 2016b, 2020 .

