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Confocal Raman microspectral analysis and imaging of the drug response of osteosarcoma to cisplatin
Haifeng Wang1, Jing Li2, Jie Qin2
1State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, #1 Xuefu Avenue, Guodu Education and Technology Industrial Zone Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China. swang@nwu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Confocal Raman microspectral analysis and imaging were used to elucidate the drug response of osteosarcoma (OS) to cisplatin. Raman spectral data were obtained from OS cells that were untreated (UT group) and treated with 20 µM (20T group) and 40 µM (40T group) cisplatin for 24 hours. Statistical analysis of the changes in specific Raman signals was performed using a one-way ANOVA and multiple Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc tests. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) was used to highlight the featured cellular drug responses based on the obtained spectral information. For spectral imaging analysis, k-means cluster analysis (KCA) was adopted to clarify the effect of cisplatin dose changes on the subcellular structure and its biochemical composition. The results suggest that the major biochemical changes induced by cisplatin in OS cells undergoing apoptosis are reduced protein and nucleic acid content. Through univariate analysis, the changes in the distribution of nucleic acids in OS cells induced by different doses of cisplatin were obtained. The combination of Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis shows that cisplatin mainly acts on the nucleus and causes changes in the secondary structure of proteins. These results indicate that Raman imaging technology has the potential to offer the basis of dose optimization for personalized cancer treatment by helping to understand in vitro cellular drug interactions.
Insights
Confocal Raman microspectroscopy reveals cisplatin reduces protein and nucleic acid content in osteosarcoma (OS) cells, primarily affecting the nucleus and protein structure. This technique aids in understanding cellular drug responses for personalized cancer therapy.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer with limited treatment options.
- Understanding cellular drug responses is crucial for optimizing cancer therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the drug response of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin using confocal Raman microspectroscopy.
- To investigate the dose-dependent effects of cisplatin on cellular biochemical composition and structure.
Main Methods:
- Confocal Raman microspectral analysis and imaging were applied to osteosarcoma cells.
- Cells were treated with varying doses of cisplatin (20 µM and 40 µM).
- Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, PCA-LDA, and KCA.
Main Results:
- Cisplatin treatment led to reduced protein and nucleic acid content in OS cells undergoing apoptosis.
- Univariate analysis showed dose-dependent changes in nucleic acid distribution.
- Multivariate analysis indicated cisplatin primarily targets the nucleus, altering protein secondary structure.
Conclusions:
- Raman imaging technology provides insights into the in vitro cellular interactions of cisplatin.
- The findings suggest potential for Raman imaging in optimizing drug dosage for personalized cancer treatment.
