Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Redox biology·2026
Same author

Ascertainment of Cancer Cases in the German National Cohort (NAKO): Methods and Initial Results.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international·2026
Same author

Ethical perceptions of DRG-based hospital financing among physicians and hospital managers in Germany: a cross-sectional survey.

BMC medical ethics·2026
Same author

Salvage Radiotherapy Confers an Overall Survival Advantage in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer: Evidence from the International PROMISE Registry.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same author

Reassessing the incidence of uveal melanoma in Germany: Insights from current cancer registry data.

Cancer epidemiology·2026
Same author

Self-rated health and mental health before and during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) study.

BMC public health·2026
Same journal

Correction to: Can Research Findings be Used in Clinical Neuropsychology? Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Working Memory Intervention for Children.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2026
Same journal

Safety-critical odor identification failure and cognitive performance in older U.S. adults: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2026
Same journal

Does performance invalidity undermine replication? Evidence from an undergraduate student participant sample.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2026
Same journal

The relationship between subjective cognitive complaints and objective cognitive assessment in severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2026
Same journal

Cognitive rehabilitation in contemporary neuropsychological practice: an exploratory survey of service delivery, reimbursement, and perceived barriers.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2026
Same journal

The Short Executive Function Scale: Psychometric properties and normative data in a U.S. population sample.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
08:07

Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test

Published on: November 23, 2019

11.4K

Trail Making Test Normative Data for the German Older Population.

Michael Specka, Christian Weimar, Andreas Stang

    Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
    |May 19, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study provides normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A and TMT-B for older Germans. Performance declines with age, and education significantly impacts TMT-B scores, suggesting the need for stratified norms.

    Keywords:
    Normative dataOlder populationTrail Making Test

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Developing Low-Tech Balance Assessment Methods for Broad-Spectrum Healthcare Applications
    06:28

    Author Spotlight: Developing Low-Tech Balance Assessment Methods for Broad-Spectrum Healthcare Applications

    Published on: September 1, 2023

    5.5K
    Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
    10:13

    Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

    Published on: February 14, 2014

    13.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

    Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
    08:07

    Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test

    Published on: November 23, 2019

    11.4K
    Author Spotlight: Developing Low-Tech Balance Assessment Methods for Broad-Spectrum Healthcare Applications
    06:28

    Author Spotlight: Developing Low-Tech Balance Assessment Methods for Broad-Spectrum Healthcare Applications

    Published on: September 1, 2023

    5.5K
    Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
    10:13

    Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

    Published on: February 14, 2014

    13.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuropsychology
    • Gerontology
    • Cognitive Assessment

    Background:

    • The Trail Making Test (TMT) is widely used for cognitive assessment.
    • Normative data are essential for accurate interpretation of TMT performance in specific populations.
    • Previous data may not adequately represent the German population aged 57-84 years.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A and TMT-B.
    • To provide normative data for derived scores B-A and B/A.
    • To stratify data by age and educational attainment in the German population (57-84 years).

    Main Methods:

    • Data from 2,182 participants in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study were analyzed.
    • Participants with dementia, stroke, high depression scores, or mild cognitive impairment were excluded.
    • Normative samples were stratified by age (interval superposition) and education (≤10 years, >10 years, university degree).

    Main Results:

    • TMT-A performance decreased by 1 second per year of age; TMT-B performance decreased by 3 seconds per year.
    • Educational level significantly impacted TMT-B scores (up to 30 seconds).
    • 10.9% of participants over 74 years, particularly those with lower education, failed to complete TMT-B within 300 seconds.

    Conclusions:

    • Age- and education-stratified normative data for TMT-A, TMT-B, and B-A are valuable.
    • The 300-second time limit for TMT-B may be insufficient for older adults with low educational attainment.
    • Reconsideration of the TMT-B time limit is suggested for this demographic.