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Is climacterium by the mid-40s associated with thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity? A population-based study.

Susanna M Savukoski1,2, Maarit J Niinimäki1,2, Paula R O Pesonen3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, OYS, Finland.

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Mid-40s women in the climacteric stage showed a slight increase in thyroid dysfunction. However, advanced climacteric stage was not linked to thyroid autoimmunity in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • The menopausal transition, or climacteric, involves significant hormonal shifts.
  • Thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity are common in women.
  • The relationship between climacteric stage and thyroid health requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if an advanced climacteric stage in mid-adulthood is associated with thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction.
  • To compare thyroid health markers between climacteric and pre-climacteric women.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 2,569 46-year-old women.
  • Participants were categorized into climacteric and pre-climacteric groups based on menstrual history and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.
  • Thyroid function, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and medication use were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Climacteric women used thyroid medication more frequently (9.1% vs 6.1%, P=0.04).
  • No significant differences were found in subclinical/clinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or TPOAb positivity between groups.
  • Logistic regression indicated that being climacteric (OR=1.6) and TPOAb positivity (OR=4.9) were associated with higher thyroid dysfunction prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • An advanced climacteric stage in the mid-40s shows a slight association with thyroid dysfunction.
  • Thyroid autoimmunity was not found to be associated with the climacteric stage in this cohort.
  • Further research may elucidate the mechanisms linking menopausal transition and thyroid function.