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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Precise tongue control is crucial for essential functions like eating, drinking, and vocalization.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms governing rapid and complex tongue movements, or lingual kinematics, is challenging due to their speed and difficulty in measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural control of 3D tongue kinematics during licking behavior in mice.
  • To elucidate the role of the anterolateral motor cortex in online motor corrections during lingual tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized kilohertz-frame-rate imaging to capture high-speed 3D tongue movements.
  • Employed a deep-learning-based neural network to analyze and reconstruct lingual kinematics.
  • Used photoinhibition to selectively disrupt neural activity in the anterolateral motor cortex.

Main Results:

  • Identified corrective submovements during licking, similar to online corrections observed in primate reaching tasks.
  • Demonstrated that photoinhibition of the anterolateral motor cortex led to impaired corrections and hypometric licks, causing misses.
  • Found that neural activity in the anterolateral motor cortex encodes information about corrective submovements and errors in predicted spout contact.

Conclusions:

  • Mouse licking, despite its short duration, exhibits sophisticated online motor control mechanisms analogous to primate reaching.
  • The anterolateral motor cortex plays a critical role in enabling corrective submovements essential for successful tongue contact during licking.
  • This study provides novel insights into the neural basis of rapid, adaptive motor control in a complex biological system.