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COVID-19 and Hypertension: The What, the Why, and the How

Shah-Abas Muhamad1, Azizah Ugusman1, Jaya Kumar1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Frontiers in Physiology
|May 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This review examines the link between hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It summarizes current knowledge on the relationship and underlying mechanisms, noting many COVID-19 patients have hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global devastation.
  • Observational studies indicate a high prevalence of hypertension among COVID-19 patients.
  • The potential link between hypertension and COVID-19 requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the relationship between hypertension and COVID-19.
  • To explore the underlying biological and clinical mechanisms connecting these two conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of observational studies and clinical data.
  • Analysis of existing research on viral-cardiovascular interactions.
  • Synthesis of evidence on hypertension as a risk factor and comorbidity in COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension is a common comorbidity in patients with COVID-19.
  • Potential mechanisms include the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and inflammatory pathways.
  • COVID-19 may exacerbate or influence the course of hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between hypertension and COVID-19.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for patient management and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between hypertension and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2angiotensin converting enzyme 2coronavirusendothelial dysfunctionhypertensionrenin angiotensin system

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