Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVB

Introduction. Morquio syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IV is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, characterized by abnormal metabolism of glycosaminoglycans associated with specific skeletal deformities, also known as dysostosis multiplex. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 23-year-old patient with advanced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) on both sides due to Morquio syndrome. A diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB was made after extensive genetic profiling. The patient had the condition for a long time. At 7 years old, the patient was treated with bilateral pelvic Salter's osteotomy. Afterward, the patient was able to walk freely but could never take part in sports. At 22 years old, pain in the hip increased, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a bilateral femur head necrosis. Hence, the patient underwent cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). Intraoperatively, a periprosthetic fracture occurred. Therefore, revision surgery with internal fixation was performed on the next day. Postoperatively, a weight-bearing restriction of 20 kg on the left leg was imposed for 6 weeks. The patient made a full recovery and was able to move without residual complaints. Annual orthopedic evaluation in patients treated with surgical intervention is recommended. Discussion. Orthopedic challenges for mucopolysaccharidoses and corresponding bone alterations, known as dysostosis multiplex, involving trunk and limbs with typical radiological findings have been well described. The hip is invariably involved, with dysplasia affecting the femoral neck (coxa valga), femoral epiphysis (loss of sphericity, osteonecrosis), and a flared hypoplastic iliac wing. Symptomatic therapy consists, on the one hand, of a surgical procedure and, on the other hand, a variety of supportive measures. However, the management of joint replacement in lysosomal storage diseases has not been well reported. All patients with MPS should be considered at high risk for surgical intervention requiring anesthesia because of airway and cardiac disease manifestations. In the case of a need for THA, we recommend cemented stem fixation because of the overall poor bone quality in patients with Morquio syndrome.