Cranial ultrasound for beginners.

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Radiology
• Neuroimaging
• Neonatal Care

Background:

• Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is crucial for evaluating infant brains.
• It serves as an initial screening tool, complementing CT and MRI.
• CUS is accessible, inexpensive, and can be performed bedside frequently.

Purpose of the Study:

• To guide beginners in cranial ultrasound (CUS).
• To cover indications, technical parameters, scanning techniques, and standardized planes.
• To describe common variants and frequent abnormal findings in infant neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

• Systematic scanning technique using anterior and mastoid fontanelles.
• Application of Doppler ultrasound for enhanced visualization.
• Standardized planes for documenting intracranial structures.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of normal variants like sulcation, peritrigonal blush, and cysts.
• Sonographic appearance of various pathologies including hemorrhage, PVL, and infections.
• Identification of malformations, masses, and vascular events.

Conclusions:

• CUS is an invaluable tool for infant brain assessment in experienced hands.
• This guide provides a foundational understanding for interpreting CUS findings.
• Effective use of CUS aids in early diagnosis and management of neonatal neurological conditions.