Toxocara Awareness Among Medical Practitioners in Saudi Arabia

Area of Science:

• Zoonotic infections
• Parasitology
• Public health

Background:

• Human toxocariasis is a globally prevalent zoonotic infection.
• The disease is often underestimated and overlooked in clinical practice.
• Limited awareness among healthcare professionals contributes to diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the knowledge and awareness of human toxocariasis among medical practitioners.
• To assess understanding of the parasite, visceral larva migrans, and associated disease spectrum.
• To identify potential gaps in medical education and practice regarding this infection in Aseer, Saudi Arabia.

Main Methods:

• A questionnaire-based survey was administered to 285 medical practitioners in Aseer.
• The survey assessed knowledge regarding the causative agent (Toxocara), its larval migrans, and clinical manifestations.
• Data were analyzed concerning correct identification of Toxocara and awareness of disease spectrum across experience levels and specialties.

Main Results:

• Only 27% of participants correctly identified Toxocara as a nematode; pediatricians showed higher correct identification rates.
• Practitioners with less than 5 years of experience demonstrated better knowledge (56.8%) compared to those with over 10 years (35.4%).
• Overall awareness of toxocariasis manifestations and spectrum was below 30% across all participants, irrespective of specialty or experience.

Conclusions:

• Significant lack of awareness regarding human toxocariasis and its clinical spectrum exists among medical practitioners in the studied region.
• This knowledge deficit poses a risk of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment, highlighting an urgent need for targeted educational interventions.
• Improved understanding of this neglected zoonotic disease is crucial for effective patient management and public health.