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Sagging eye syndrome.
1Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan. gosekikun@aol.com.
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 20, 2021
Summary
Sagging eye syndrome (SES) results from age-related pulley degeneration, causing eye muscle dislocation. This condition leads to specific types of strabismus and diplopia, often requiring surgical correction.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Anatomy
- Gerontology
Background:
- The extraocular muscle pulley system is crucial for preventing muscle dislocation.
- Age-related degeneration of these pulleys can lead to Sagging Eye Syndrome (SES).
- SES is a significant cause of non-paralytic diplopia, particularly in older adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between pulley degeneration and specific types of strabismus.
- To describe the clinical features and prevalence of SES.
- To highlight diagnostic and treatment considerations for SES.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of pulley degeneration and its association with strabismus types (divergence paralysis, cyclovertical strabismus).
- Clinical observation of SES patient features (baggy eyelids, deep superior sulcus, aponeurotic ptosis).
- Review of SES prevalence, demographics, and associated refractive errors.
Main Results:
- Degenerated symmetry of the lateral rectus muscle pulley and LR-SR band causes divergence paralysis.
- Degenerated asymmetry leads to small-angle cyclovertical strabismus.
- SES presents with characteristic facial features and is more common in women.
Conclusions:
- Pulley degeneration is a primary mechanism for SES and associated strabismus.
- SES is a common cause of age-related diplopia, with distinct clinical presentations.
- Surgical intervention is effective for correcting diplopia in SES, necessitating differential diagnosis from heavy eye syndrome.
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