Effects of air pollution in Spatio-temporal modeling of asthma-prone areas using a machine learning model

Industrialization and increasing urbanization have led to increased air pollution, which has a devastating effect on public health and asthma. This study aimed to model the spatial-temporal of asthma in Tehran, Iran using a machine learning model. Initially, a spatial database was created consisting of 872 locations of asthma children and six air pollution parameters, including carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and ozone (O₃) in four-seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter). Spatial-temporal modeling and mapping of asthma-prone areas were performed using a random forest (RF) model. For Spatio-temporal modeling and assessment, 70% and 30% of the dataset were used, respectively. The Spearman correlation and RF model findings showed that during different seasons, the PM_2.5 parameter had the most important effect on asthma occurrence in Tehran. The assessment of the Spatio-temporal modeling of asthma using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-area under the curve (AUC) showed an accuracy of 0.823, 0.821, 0.83, and 0.827, respectively for spring, summer, autumn, and winter. According to the results, asthma occurs more often in autumn than in other seasons.