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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

6.5K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Magnetic Flux01:18

Magnetic Flux

4.0K
The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
Suppose a surface is divided into elements of area dA. For each element, the component of the magnetic field that is normal to the...
4.0K
Plane Electromagnetic Waves II01:29

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

3.8K
Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
3.8K
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

10.7K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Geomagnetic Field Gmf and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression
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Progress on cosmological magnetic fields.

Tanmay Vachaspati1

  • 1Physics Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|May 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intergalactic magnetic fields, constrained by observations, are crucial for cosmic evolution and early universe physics. Their survival depends on magnetic helicity, linked to new CP-violating interactions detectable in Higgs particle decays.

Keywords:
cosmological magnetic fieldselectroweak phase transitionmagnetic helicity

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmic Magnetism
  • Early Universe Physics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Observations set limits on intergalactic magnetic fields (nano Gauss upper, 10^-16 G lower).
  • These magnetic fields play significant roles in cosmic recombination and structure formation.
  • Early Universe magnetic fields may have originated from the electroweak phase transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the astrophysical and particle physics implications of early Universe magnetic fields.
  • To explore the role of magnetic helicity in the evolution and survival of these fields.
  • To connect the generation of magnetic helicity to fundamental particle interactions and experimental tests.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of observational constraints on intergalactic magnetic fields.
  • Theoretical modeling of magnetic field evolution in the early Universe.
  • Investigation of the relationship between magnetic helicity and CP-violating interactions.

Main Results:

  • Established upper and lower bounds for large-scale magnetic fields.
  • Highlighted the dependence of magnetic field survival on magnetic helicity.
  • Linked magnetic helicity generation to new CP-violating interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Early Universe magnetic fields are vital for cosmology and particle physics.
  • Magnetic helicity is a key factor for the survival of these fields.
  • New CP-violating interactions, testable via Higgs decays, are required for magnetic helicity generation.