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How does globalization affect COVID-19 responses?

Steve J Bickley1,2, Ho Fai Chan3,4, Ahmed Skali5

  • 1School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Globalization influenced the speed of international travel restrictions during COVID-19. More globalized nations adopted travel policies faster, but high government effectiveness led to caution, impacting pandemic preparedness.

Keywords:
Border closureCOVID-19CoronavirusGlobalizationHealth screeningSARS-CoV-2Survival analysisTravel restriction

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Global Health Policy
  • International Relations

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic revealed disparities in global disease control strategies.
  • While disease modeling often includes travel data and policy responses, the drivers of travel restriction policies remain understudied.
  • Understanding these drivers is crucial for improving global pandemic preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of globalization on the adoption speed of international travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To provide empirical evidence for enhancing global planning and coordination during future outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of international travel restriction data for 185 countries (January-October 2020).
  • Application of time-to-event analysis to assess the relationship between globalization and the timing of travel restriction implementation.

Main Results:

  • Higher globalization correlated with a quicker adoption of international travel restrictions.
  • Countries with high government effectiveness and globalization showed more caution in implementing restrictions, especially with strong trade ties.
  • Globalized nations with high state capacity tended to have more cases before implementing initial restrictions.

Conclusions:

  • Globalization and protectionism interact dynamically during global health crises.
  • Caution in policy adoption by highly globalized, effective governments may stem from trade commitments and confidence in domestic health systems.
  • Future infectious disease forecasting could benefit from incorporating globalization metrics and government effectiveness, accounting for their mediating role.