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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

79.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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The transcription factor code: a beacon for histone methyltransferase docking.

Guillem Torcal Garcia1, Thomas Graf1

  • 1Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.

Trends in Cell Biology
|May 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lineage-instructive transcription factors (Lin-TFs) recruit histone methyltransferases (HMTs) to gene regulatory elements. Post-translational modifications on Lin-TFs act as a code, directing cell fate during development.

Keywords:
gene regulationhistone methylationhistone methyltransferasepost-translational modificationtranscription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Differentiation

Background:

  • Histone methylation is crucial for maintaining cellular identity and proper development.
  • Dysregulation of histone methylation is linked to developmental abnormalities and diseases.
  • The mechanisms recruiting histone methyltransferases (HMTs) to developmental gene regulatory elements (GREs) are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of lineage-instructive transcription factors (Lin-TFs) in recruiting HMT complexes.
  • To explore how Lin-TF interactions with HMTs are regulated.
  • To understand the contribution of Lin-TF post-translational modifications (PTMs) to cell fate determination.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating protein-protein interactions between Lin-TFs and HMTs.
  • Analyzing the impact of Lin-TF post-translational modifications (PTMs) on HMT recruitment.
  • Studying the role of this mechanism in cell differentiation and development.

Main Results:

  • Lineage-instructive transcription factors (Lin-TFs) function as general recruiters of HMT complexes to cell type-specific GREs.
  • Recruitment is mediated through direct protein-protein interactions.
  • Lin-TF post-translational modifications (PTMs) dictate the specificity of these interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Lin-TFs are key mediators of HMT recruitment to developmental genes.
  • A 'transcription factor code' based on Lin-TF PTMs governs HMT specificity.
  • This mechanism is critical for directing cell fate decisions during development and differentiation.