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Preterm birth and cardiac function in adulthood.

Charlotte Greer1, Richard W Troughton2,3, Philip D Adamson3,4

  • 1Cardiology Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand charlotte.greer@cdhb.health.nz.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)
|May 21, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals born preterm face increased risks of heart failure later in life. Premature birth impacts cardiac development, leading to structural and functional changes that elevate cardiovascular disease risk.

Keywords:
cardiac imaging techniquesechocardiographyepidemiologyheart failuremagnetic resonanceimagingrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neonatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth affects 1 in 10 pregnancies globally, with rising survival rates.
  • Long-term survivors of preterm birth exhibit increased cardiovascular risk factors and heart disease as they age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on elevated heart failure rates in preterm-born individuals.
  • To explore mechanisms linking preterm birth to cardiac alterations and heart failure.
  • To discuss implications for adult physicians managing this population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on preterm birth and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Analysis of cardiovascular imaging findings in preterm-born adults.
  • Discussion of potential etiological mechanisms, including comorbidities and developmental impacts.

Main Results:

  • Preterm-born individuals show higher rates of heart failure and ischaemic heart disease.
  • Cardiovascular imaging reveals smaller cardiac chambers, altered myocardial mass, and impaired ventricular function, especially under stress.
  • Potential mechanisms include impacts on myocardial and vascular development, perinatal hemodynamics, and chronic lung disease.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals born preterm represent a population at higher risk for developing heart failure with age.
  • Understanding the specific cardiac adaptations and risks associated with preterm birth is crucial for long-term health management.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps and optimize patient care for adult survivors of preterm birth.