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Sensory Processing Dysfunction and Mealtime Behavior Problems in Children With Autism.

Prahbhjot Malhi1, Surya Saini2, Bhavneet Bharti2

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Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit more mealtime behavior issues and sensory processing differences than typically developing children. These sensory challenges are linked to their eating difficulties.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Psychology
  • Sensory Integration

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
  • Children with ASD often present with challenges in sensory processing and feeding behaviors.
  • Understanding these challenges is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sensory processing and mealtime behaviors in children with ASD versus typically developing controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between sensory processing and eating problems in children with ASD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 50 children (4-10 years) diagnosed with ASD was recruited from a tertiary care center in India.
  • The Brief Assessment of Mealtime Behavior in Children (BAMBIC) and Short Sensory Profile (SSP) were used.
  • Parental interviews and 3-day dietary recalls assessed feeding and sensory issues.

Main Results:

  • Children with ASD demonstrated significantly higher mealtime behavior problems, including food refusal and disruptive behavior, compared to controls.
  • The ASD group exhibited atypical sensory responses across multiple domains, including tactile, taste, and movement sensitivities, as well as auditory and visual processing.
  • Significant differences were observed in tactile sensitivity, taste sensitivity, movement sensitivity, under-responsiveness, auditory filtering, low energy, and visual/auditory sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ASD show distinct patterns of sensory processing and mealtime behavior challenges.
  • A thorough assessment of sensory characteristics is vital for tailoring interventions for feeding problems in ASD.
  • Interventions should consider the unique sensory profiles of children with ASD to improve outcomes.