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Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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Severe COVID-19: A distinct entity

Ravindra Kumar Garg1, Gyan Prakash Singh2, Rajiv Garg3

  • 1Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|May 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) can rapidly progress to critical illness, particularly in older men with comorbidities. Current treatments lack efficacy, highlighting the need for supportive care and mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a distinct clinical entity.
  • Approximately 15% of COVID-19 patients develop severe disease, and 5% become critically ill.
  • Risk factors include male sex, age over 65, and comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics and outcomes of severe and critical COVID-19.
  • To identify key pathophysiological mechanisms in severe COVID-19.
  • To outline management strategies for severe and critical COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study based on Chinese experience.
  • Analysis of clinical data from severe and critical COVID-19 patients.
  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19 pathophysiology and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Cytokine storm leads to lung damage and multiorgan failure.
  • Coagulopathy and thromboembolism are common in critical illness.
  • Lymphopenia is associated with severe disease.
  • No antiviral or immunomodulator has proven efficacy.
  • Hypoxemia requires supplemental oxygen; ARDS, encephalopathy, and organ failure necessitate mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:

  • Severe COVID-19 has a poor prognosis in many patients.
  • Management focuses on supportive care, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation.
  • Healthcare workers face significant risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in intensive care units.

Keywords:
CoagulopathySARS-COV-2cytokine stormhypoxemialymphopeniamechanical ventilation

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