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Potential cause affecting bone quality in Saudi Arabia: New insights
Mohammed T Al-Hariri1, Roaa Al Goweiz2, Bander Aldhafery2
1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|May 21, 2021
Summary
Diabetes and metabolic changes significantly impact bone quality in Saudi Arabia, leading to conditions like osteopenia and osteoporosis. Bone health assessment is crucial for diabetic patients to prevent bone density loss.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Bone Disease
- Public Health
Background:
- Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and compromised bone microstructure.
- Understanding the interplay between metabolic profiles and bone health is critical for managing OP.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate bone quality in patients undergoing BMD testing.
- To investigate the associations between glycaemic, lipid, and bone profiles with BMD.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective analysis of 4838 patients' BMD test results from 2016-2018 in Saudi Arabia.
- Patients were categorized based on T scores: normal (>-1.0), osteopenic (-1.0 to -2.5), or osteoporotic (≤-2.5).
- Extracted data included demographic, medical, and metabolic profiles (e.g., HbA1c, cholesterol, calcium, ALP, vitamin D).
Main Results:
- The majority of patients exhibited osteopenia (40%) or osteoporosis (24%).
- Abnormal glycaemic profiles were prevalent (mean HbA1c 6.6 ± 2).
- Higher HbA1c levels were associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis, while lower alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were observed in the normal bone density group. Calcium and ALP were significant predictors of bone health.
Conclusions:
- Diabetes mellitus and associated metabolic alterations are primary contributors to poor bone quality in the studied Saudi Arabian population.
- These findings underscore the clinical importance of assessing bone health in individuals with diabetes.
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