Curative para-Aortic lymph node dissection Via INfra-mesocolonic approach in laparoscopic Gastrectomy (CAVING...

Para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastasis for gastric cancer is considered a distant lymph node metastasis. Meanwhile, multidisciplinary treatments have improved survival of patients with PAN metastases. We developed a novel technique of curative para-aortic lymph node dissection via infra-mesocolonic approach in laparoscopic gastrectomy (CAVING approach). This method minimizes the mobilization of the pancreas and the spleen and maximizes the view from the caudal side resembling cave exploration.

After laparoscopic gastrectomy, PAN dissection is performed using the same ports setup. The retroperitoneum is widely exposed to ease anatomical cognition and for troubleshooting. The inferior vena cava, the left gonadal vein, the left renal vein, and the aorta are recognized under Gerota's fascia. The retroperitoneum is then divided into four sections. We perform PAN dissection in the order of 16blat, 16b1int, 16a2lat, and then 16a2int. Using the CAVING approach, the caudal side of the root of the superior mesenteric artery can then be dissected below the pancreas, and only the cranial side of the SMA root requires a suprapancreatic approach.

In three cases, preoperative chemotherapy and laparoscopic gastrectomy plus D2 with PAN dissection were performed for gastric cancer and esophagogastric junction cancer. The median operation totaled 484 min, 142 min for the PAN dissection. The median whole blood loss was 130 ml. The median harvested number of PAN was 25.

The minimal mobilization of pancreas and the wide surgical fields by CAVING approach may facilitate safe and reliable PAN dissection.