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Recent Advances in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Vivek V Shukla1, Namasivayam Ambalavanan2,3
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Insights
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in preterm infants. This review synthesizes evidence on BPD prevention and management, crucial for improving infant outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Perinatal Medicine
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant cause of chronic lung disease in preterm infants requiring respiratory support.
- Its incidence remains stable or increasing due to improved survival rates of extremely preterm infants.
- BPD presents a multifactorial pathogenesis and variable clinical phenotypes, leading to substantial mortality and morbidity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a clinically relevant overview of current evidence regarding the prevention of BPD.
- To summarize effective management strategies for preterm infants diagnosed with BPD.
- To offer a synopsis of research advancements in understanding BPD pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing scientific literature on BPD.
- Synthesis of basic science, translational, and clinical research findings.
- Analysis of evidence pertaining to BPD prevention and treatment protocols.
Main Results:
- Despite advances in neonatal care and understanding, BPD remains challenging to prevent and manage.
- The multifactorial nature of BPD necessitates a comprehensive approach to care.
- Improved survival of extremely preterm infants contributes to stable or increased BPD incidence.
Conclusions:
- Effective prevention and management strategies for BPD are critical for improving long-term outcomes in preterm infants.
- Continued research is essential to address the complexities of BPD pathophysiology.
- A clinically useful synopsis of evidence is provided to guide healthcare professionals.
Abstract:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a form of chronic lung disease that occurs in preterm infants, usually those receiving substantial respiratory support with either mechanical ventilation or supplementation with oxygen. The pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial, and the clinical phenotype is variable. BPD is associated with substantial mortality and short- and long-term morbidity. The incidence of BPD has remained stable or increased, as advances in neonatal care have led to improved survival of more extremely preterm infants. Extensive basic science, translational, and clinical research focusing on BPD has improved the current understanding of the factors that contribute to BPD pathogenesis. However, despite a better understanding of its pathophysiology, BPD continues to be challenging to prevent and manage adequately. The current review aims to provide a clinically useful synopsis of evidence on the prevention and management of BPD in preterm infants.
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