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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.0K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.5K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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When polymerization meets coordination-driven self-assembly: metallo-supramolecular polymers based on supramolecular

Yu Zhu1, Wei Zheng1, Wei Wang1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200262, China. wwang@chem.ecnu.edu.cn hbyang@chem.ecnu.edu.cn.

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Summary

Novel metallo-supramolecular polymers (MSPs) and metallacycle/metallacage-crosslinked polymer networks (MPNs) combine coordination complexes with polymers. These materials offer diverse architectures and dynamic features for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polymers are crucial functional materials.
  • Supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), including 2D metallacycles and 3D metallacages, are discrete molecular assemblies.
  • The integration of SCCs with polymers has led to novel metallo-supramolecular polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthetic strategies for metallacycle/metallacage-cored star polymers (MSPs) and metallacycle/metallacage-crosslinked polymer networks (MPNs).
  • To highlight the diverse topological architectures and dynamic properties of these novel polymers.
  • To discuss the broad applications of MSPs and MPNs in various fields.

Main Methods:

  • Review of synthetic methodologies for MSPs and MPNs.
  • Analysis of the structural and dynamic characteristics of metallacycles and metallacages.
  • Compilation of application data in functional materials, molecular sieving, drug delivery, bacterial killing, and bioimaging.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of MSPs and MPNs with well-defined architectures.
  • Demonstration of unique dynamic features derived from the SCC components.
  • Identification of extensive applications stemming from their structural and functional properties.

Conclusions:

  • MSPs and MPNs represent an exciting new direction in polymer chemistry.
  • Their tunable architectures and dynamic nature enable diverse functionalities.
  • These novel polymers show significant promise for advanced material applications.