Evolution of proteomics technologies for understanding respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis

Area of Science:

• Proteomics and Respiratory Viral Infections

Background:

• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant pathogen causing acute inflammation and chronic pulmonary issues.
• RSV infection primarily affects the epithelium, leading to complex cellular responses and long-term changes in lung function and allergic disease susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze peer-reviewed proteomics studies on host responses to RSV infections.
• To review advanced proteomics techniques for understanding RSV-induced cellular and molecular changes.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of "bottom-up" discovery proteomics, organellar proteomics, and LC-MS for protein interaction networks.
• Inclusion of selective reaction monitoring MS, single-cell proteomics, top-down mass spectrometry, and photo-cleavable surfactant chemistries.
• Focus on proteomics' role in elucidating extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and airway remodeling.

Main Results:

• RSV replication induces widespread alterations in the cellular proteome.
• Dynamic shifts in nuclear proteins and remodeling of epigenetic regulatory complexes are observed.
• Proteomics pathways highlight roles of heat shock proteins, redox response, and ECM remodeling in RSV pathology.

Conclusions:

• Proteomics offers critical insights into post-transcriptional regulation during RSV infection.
• Understanding RSV-induced proteomic changes is key to addressing long-term respiratory morbidity and airway remodeling.
• Advanced proteomics techniques are crucial for deciphering the intricate host response to RSV.