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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

44
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

149
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

76
Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
76
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

70
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

14.8K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

123
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

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[CME/Answers: Giant Cell Arteritis].

Katrin Reiner1, Thomas Fehr1, Jürg Wick1,2

  • 1Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur.

Praxis
|May 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common vasculitis in older adults, affecting large vessels. While steroids are standard, tocilizumab offers a safer, more effective treatment option for this condition.

Keywords:
Giant cell arteritisRiesenzellarteriitisTocilizumabVaskulitistocilizumabvasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most prevalent vasculitis in individuals over 50.
  • It primarily affects large blood vessels, leading to diverse symptoms.
  • Potential complications include irreversible vision loss, underscoring the need for prompt diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Giant Cell Arteritis.
  • To discuss diagnostic criteria and clinical manifestations.
  • To evaluate treatment options, including standard and emerging therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of treatment efficacy and safety profiles.
  • Synthesis of current recommendations and guidelines.

Main Results:

  • GCA presents with cranial or extra-cranial symptoms, ranging from headaches to systemic signs like fever and fatigue.
  • Steroids have been the mainstay of treatment for decades but are associated with significant side effects.
  • Tocilizumab has emerged as a more effective and safer therapeutic alternative.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications like vision loss in GCA.
  • While steroids remain a common treatment, their adverse effects necessitate exploring alternatives.
  • Tocilizumab shows promise as a superior treatment option for Giant Cell Arteritis.