Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

48.0K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
48.0K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

312
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
312

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A 2nd-generation scalable synthesis of the HIV-1 entry inhibitor CJF-III-288 enabled by photoredox catalysis.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

HIV Virion Capturing Liposomes for Therapeutic Vaccination.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

The asymmetric opening of HIV-1 Env by a potent CD4 mimetic enables anti-coreceptor binding site antibodies to mediate ADCC.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Stoichiometry of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein protomers with changes that stabilize or destabilize the pretriggered conformation.

mBio·2025
Same author

Optimization of VE607 to generate analogs with improved neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

CD4-mimetics sensitize HIV-infected cells to ADCC mediated by plasma from persons with early-stage HIV-1 infection.

Journal of virology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay
07:10

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Published on: September 14, 2014

14.5K

Modulating HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein conformation to decrease the HIV-1 reservoir.

Jyothi K Rajashekar1, Jonathan Richard2, Jagadish Beloor1

  • 1Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|May 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mc) enhance antibody recognition of HIV-1, reducing viral replication and reservoirs. This approach, dependent on natural killer cells, shows promise for a functional HIV cure.

Keywords:
CD4i AbsHIV-1NK cellSRG-15State 2Aantibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicityenvelope glycoproteinhumanized mice

More Related Videos

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

15.8K
High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
07:18

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay
07:10

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Published on: September 14, 2014

14.5K
A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

15.8K
High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
07:18

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Therapeutics

Background:

  • HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein occludes epitopes, hindering antibody recognition.
  • CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mc) can expose these epitopes.
  • CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies are present in HIV-1-infected individuals' plasma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of combining CD4mc with CD4i antibodies.
  • To assess the impact on HIV-1 replication, viral reservoirs, and viral rebound.
  • To elucidate the role of natural killer (NK) cells and Fc-effector functions in mediating these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized new-generation SRG-15 humanized mice with functional NK and Fc-effector capabilities.
  • Administered brief treatment with CD4mc and CD4i antibodies.
  • Employed HIV-1+-donor cell-derived humanized mice with autologous plasma for validation.

Main Results:

  • Combined CD4mc and CD4i antibodies significantly decreased HIV-1 replication and reservoir size.
  • Treatment suppressed viral rebound after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption.
  • These therapeutic effects were dependent on Fc-effector functions and NK cells, confirming the importance of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
  • Viral rebound was also suppressed in a humanized mouse model using autologous plasma.

Conclusions:

  • CD4mc, in combination with CD4i antibodies, can sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC.
  • This strategy effectively reduces HIV-1 reservoirs and suppresses viral rebound.
  • CD4mc holds therapeutic promise for decreasing HIV-1 reservoir size and potentially achieving a functional cure.