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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils
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Arctic soil patterns analogous to fluid instabilities.

Rachel C Glade1, Michael M Fratkin2, Mehdi Pouragha3

  • 1Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; rachel.glade@rochester.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arctic soils form patterned features like solifluction lobes due to soil cohesion and hydrostatic forces. This provides a new understanding of landscape dynamics and climate change impacts.

Keywords:
climatefluid instabilitiesgranular fingeringperiglacialsolifluction

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Area of Science:

  • Geomorphology
  • Soil Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Arctic soils exhibit large-scale spatial patterns, including solifluction terraces and lobes.
  • These patterned features significantly influence hillslope stability, carbon cycling, and landscape evolution in response to climate change.
  • Currently, a mechanistic explanation for the formation of these distinct soil patterns is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a mechanistic explanation for the formation of solifluction terraces and lobes in arctic soils.
  • To investigate the role of soil cohesion and hydrostatic effects in pattern development.
  • To identify climatic controls on solifluction dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • A scaling analysis was employed to model soil pattern formation.
  • A large dataset of high-resolution solifluction lobe spacing and morphology from Norway was analyzed.
  • Theoretical predictions were compared with empirical data.

Main Results:

  • Soil cohesion and hydrostatic effects were identified as key drivers for large-scale pattern formation in arctic soils.
  • The study found that these forces can produce fingering patterns similar to those observed in everyday fluids.
  • A novel climatic control on solifluction dynamics and pattern morphology was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesive forces play a crucial role in landscape dynamics, particularly in the formation of solifluction patterns.
  • The findings offer a quantitative explanation for a common geomorphological pattern observed on Earth and potentially other planets.
  • The research highlights the importance of understanding fluid-solid dynamics in complex particulate systems and their implications for climate change.