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Updated: Aug 12, 2026
Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Published on: October 2, 2020
Evaluation of visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in liver tissue: validation of tissue saturations using
Stylianos Voulgarelis1, Faraneh Fathi2, Astrid G Stucke1
1Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, Milwaukee, Wiscons, United States.
Significance:
Real-time information about oxygen delivery to the hepatic graft is important to direct care and diagnose vascular compromise in the immediate post-transplant period.
Aim:
The current study was designed to determine the utility of visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (vis-DRS) for measuring liver tissue saturation in vivo.
Approach:
A custom-built vis-DRS probe was calibrated using phantoms with hemoglobin (Hb) and polystyrene microspheres. Ex vivo (extracorporeal circulation) and in vivo protocols were used in a swine model (n = 15) with validation via blood gas analysis.
Results:
In vivo absorption and scattering measured by vis-DRS with and without biliverdin correction correlated closely between analyses. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients are 0.991 for μa and 0.959 for μs ' . Hb measured by blood test and vis-DRS with (R2 = 0.81) and without (R2 = 0.85) biliverdin correction were compared. Vis-DRS data obtained from the ex vivo protocol plotted against the PO2 derived from blood gas analysis showed a good fit for a Hill coefficient of 1.67 and P50 = 34 mmHg (R2 = 0.81). A conversion formula was developed to account for the systematic deviation, which resulted in a goodness-of-fit R2 = 0.76 with the expected oxygen dissociation curve.
Conclusions:
We show that vis-DRS allows for real-time measurement of liver tissue saturation, an indicator for liver perfusion and oxygen delivery.
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