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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Chemerin in atherosclerosis.

Jia-Xiang Sun1, Chi Zhang2, Zhe-Bin Cheng3

  • 1Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|May 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemerin, an adipokine, plays complex roles in atherosclerosis (AS) pathogenesis, influencing inflammation and cell proliferation. Further research is needed to clarify its dual effects and develop targeted therapies for this arterial disease.

Keywords:
AngiogenesisChemerinChemerin receptorsEndothelial dysfunctionInflammationMetabolic disorderVSMC proliferationVascular calcification

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis (AS) involves endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid accumulation.
  • Adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue, are increasingly linked to cardiovascular diseases like AS.
  • Chemerin, an adipokine, is associated with inflammation, metabolic disorders, and vascular cell abnormalities relevant to AS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of chemerin and its receptors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
  • To synthesize current understanding of chemerin's contradictory effects in AS.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions for chemerin in AS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on chemerin and atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of existing data on chemerin's association with inflammation, endothelial function, and VSMC proliferation.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding chemerin's anti- and pro-atherogenic effects.

Main Results:

  • Chemerin exhibits diverse and sometimes conflicting roles in AS, including effects on vascular calcification and endothelial function.
  • Its atherogenic or anti-atherogenic impact appears context-dependent and cell-specific.
  • Current data highlight significant gaps in understanding chemerin's precise role in AS etiology.

Conclusions:

  • Chemerin's multifaceted role in AS pathogenesis requires further investigation.
  • Targeted chemerin-based therapies hold potential for innovative AS treatment strategies.
  • Future studies should focus on elucidating chemerin's specific functions in different cellular contexts within AS.