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Estimation of river flow using CubeSats remote sensing.

Adriano M Junqueira1, Feng Mao2, Tatiana S G Mendes3

  • 1São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering, Guaratinguetá, Brazil; University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

The Science of the Total Environment
|May 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Satellite remote sensing using Planet CubeSats offers a novel way to estimate river flow. This new CubeSat Virtual Station (CVS) method provides accurate daily river discharge monitoring, crucial for water management where ground stations are scarce.

Keywords:
Cerrado (Savannah)Change detectionCubeSatRemote sensingRiver flowSpatiotemporal resolution

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology and Remote Sensing
  • Earth Observation for Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Accurate river flow quantification is vital for understanding water cycle changes and sustainable freshwater management.
  • Declining river gauging stations and shrinking ground-based observation networks necessitate alternative monitoring methods.
  • Existing remote sensing methods, like JASON-2 Virtual Station (JVS), have limitations in accuracy and scale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel remote sensing approach for estimating river flows using Planet CubeSats.
  • To establish a CubeSat Virtual Station (CVS) for daily, sub-catchment scale river discharge monitoring.
  • To compare the accuracy of the CVS method against conventional and JVS-based approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a methodology correlating river discharge with water body area extracted from PlanetScope satellite imagery.
  • Utilized in-situ data from Conventional Stations (CS) and JASON-2 Virtual Station (JVS) for validation.
  • Processed CubeSat images, including area calculations within buffer zones and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations found between CubeSat-derived water body areas and both JVS (R² = 88.83%) and CS (R² = 96.49%) data.
  • The CubeSat Virtual Station (CVS) method demonstrated higher accuracy than the JVS-based method.
  • CVS requires minimal remote sensing data for high-accuracy river flow and water level estimation.

Conclusions:

  • Planet CubeSats provide a viable and accurate tool for establishing a CubeSat Virtual Station (CVS) to estimate river flow.
  • The CVS method offers a promising solution for sub-basin scale discharge monitoring, enhancing water management strategies.
  • This approach is particularly valuable for regions with limited conventional monitoring infrastructure, such as developing countries.