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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
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Why do poxviruses still matter?

Zhilong Yang1,2, Mark Gray3, Lake Winter3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. zyang@cvm.tamu.edu.

Cell & Bioscience
|May 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poxviruses continue to pose significant public health threats to humans and animals. Continued research is vital for understanding these viruses and developing new medical and biotechnological applications.

Keywords:
Animal healthBiodefenseOncolytic therapyPoxvirusPublic healthSmallpoxVaccine vectorVaccinia virusVirology

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Biomedical Sciences

Background:

  • Poxviruses infect a wide range of animals, including humans, and remain relevant despite smallpox eradication.
  • They represent ongoing threats to public health, wildlife, and domestic animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical, current, and future threats posed by poxviruses.
  • To highlight the role of poxviruses in advancing medicine, biology, and biotechnology.
  • To emphasize the importance of continued poxvirus research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of poxvirus research.
  • Analysis of poxvirus impact on public health and medicine.
  • Exploration of poxvirus applications in biotechnology and disease control.

Main Results:

  • Poxviruses have shaped modern medicine and provided insights into life processes.
  • These viruses are valuable tools in biotechnology and fighting diseases like cancer.
  • Ongoing research is crucial for both fundamental knowledge and practical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Poxvirus research offers substantial benefits to fundamental biological understanding.
  • Continued support for poxvirus research is essential for combating diverse diseases and advancing biomedical sciences.