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Early recurrence enables figure border ownership.

Paria Mehrani1, John K Tsotsos1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.

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|May 23, 2021
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Summary

A new model explains how the brain assigns visual ownership using a hierarchical recurrent network. This model, incorporating dorsal and ventral stream interactions, accurately predicts border ownership cell responses and perception of illusory contours.

Keywords:
Border ownership assignmentEarly recurrenceFigure-ground discriminationIllusory contoursLateral modulations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Vision
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The Rubin face-vase illusion highlights ambiguous figure-ground perception, dependent on border ownership assignment.
  • Border ownership (BO) cells in the primate visual system encode figure-ground assignment, but the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear.
  • Existing research indicates BO cell responses are influenced by both local features and contextual information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a hierarchical recurrent model for understanding border ownership assignment in the brain.
  • To investigate the role of the dorsal and ventral visual streams in contextual modulation of BO cell activity.
  • To explain the perception of illusory contours using the proposed border ownership encoding mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a hierarchical recurrent neural network model incorporating dorsal pathway recurrence and ventral stream lateral modulations.
  • Simulated border ownership cell responses within the model, analyzing their invariance to figure properties (size, position, outline).
  • Tested the model's performance on complex scenes and illusory contour stimuli.

Main Results:

  • The model's simulated BO cells exhibited invariance to size, position, and figure type, mirroring biological counterparts.
  • Dorsal modulations were found to initiate response differences, while ventral modulations enhanced these differences.
  • The model demonstrated high accuracy and robustness in BO assignments, outperforming previous ventral-feedback models, and explained illusory contour perception.

Conclusions:

  • A hierarchical recurrent model integrating dorsal and ventral stream interactions provides a viable explanation for border ownership assignment.
  • Dorsal stream context is crucial for initiating and modulating border ownership signals, leading to robust perception.
  • The proposed BO encoding mechanism offers a potential explanation for the neural basis of illusory contour perception.