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Development of a Critical Care Response - Experiences from Italy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Emanuele Rezoagli1, Aurora Magliocca2, Giacomo Bellani1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, Monza 20900, Italy; Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Via G. B. Pergolesi, 33, Monza 20900, Italy.

Anesthesiology Clinics
|May 24, 2021
PubMed

Keywords:
Awake proningCOVID19 Lombardy NetworkCoronavirus disease 19Critical careHelmet continuous positive airway pressureOrganizational responsePandemic

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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