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Prevalence of severe cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia

J-C Marche1, A Bannay2, S Baillot2

  • 1Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service (G06), Psychotherapeutic Center of Nancy, 1, rue Dr-Archambault, BP 11010, 54521 Laxou cedex, France; University of Lorraine, Lorraine, France.

L'Encephale
|May 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Patients with schizophrenia experience severe cardiovascular disease (CVD) at younger ages. This study highlights the high prevalence of CVD risk factors in this population, emphasizing the need for early screening and intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Understanding the prevalence and early onset of severe CVD in schizophrenia patients is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of severe cardiovascular disease (CVD) requiring hospitalization in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in France.
  • To identify associated cardiovascular risk factors in this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study included 4424 patients hospitalized with schizophrenia in five French psychiatric hospitals in 2015.
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was identified via ICD-10 codes for myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, coronary artery disease, or peripheral artery disease up to five years prior and three years after psychiatric hospitalization.
  • Prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes was recorded.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 4.6% of patients with schizophrenia were diagnosed with severe cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Specific CVD prevalence included coronary artery disease (2.1%), heart failure (1.9%), and stroke (1.1%).
  • High prevalence of risk factors was observed: hypertension (11.3%), obesity (9.7%), and diabetes (7.8%).

Conclusions:

  • Patients with schizophrenia develop severe cardiovascular disease (CVD) requiring hospitalization at an earlier age compared to the general population.
  • The high co-occurrence of CVD and risk factors underscores the need for proactive cardiovascular health management in schizophrenia care.
  • Early screening and management of CVD and its risk factors are essential to improve life expectancy and quality of life for individuals with schizophrenia.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular risk factorsFacteurs de risque cardiovasculaireFranceMaladie cardiovasculairePsychotic disorderSchizophreniaSchizophrénieTrouble psychotique

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