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Related Concept Videos

Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

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The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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Development of a Uterosacral Ligament Suspension Rat Model
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Variation in the sacroiliac joint in Felidae.

Jean-Pierre Pallandre1, Franck Lavenne2, Eric Pellé3

  • 1Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB-UMR7205, CNRS/MNHN/EPHE/UA), Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.

Peerj
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The sacroiliac articulation angle in felids varies with hunting strategy and body size. This angle influences predator stability, with pack hunters and smaller cats exhibiting wider angles than solitary large-prey hunters.

Keywords:
EvolutionFelidaeIliumLocomotionPelvisPredatory behaviorSacroiliac junction

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative anatomy
  • Functional morphology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Felidae exhibit diverse hunting strategies and prey sizes.
  • Subduing prey involves unique behaviors and biomechanical challenges for felids.
  • Pack hunting may reduce individual risk compared to solitary hunting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the sacroiliac articulation in stabilizing felids during prey capture.
  • To correlate the inter-iliac angle with felid body size, hunting strategy, and ecological factors.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans of 59 felid coxal bones were analyzed.
  • The angle between the iliac articular surfaces (inter-iliac angle) was calculated.
  • Correlations between the inter-iliac angle and body size, hunting style, and habitat were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Body size significantly impacts the inter-iliac angle; smaller cats have wider angles than larger cats.
  • Arboreal felids possess significantly wider inter-iliac angles than cursorial, scansorial, or terrestrial species.
  • Felids hunting large prey have smaller inter-iliac angles compared to those hunting small or mixed prey.
  • Pack-hunting lions exhibit a larger inter-iliac angle than solitary-hunting felids within the Panthera lineage.

Conclusions:

  • Two distinct felid groups based on inter-iliac angle: ~40° (small, pack-hunting, arboreal) and ~30° (solitary, large-prey hunters).
  • A tighter sacroiliac articulation likely aids large cats in high-speed pursuits and controlling large prey.
  • Pack hunting in lions may have lessened the selective pressure for extreme adaptations related to large prey capture.