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Related Concept Videos

Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

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A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
12.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Utility of Direct Immunofluorescence in Cutaneous Autoimmune Bullous Disorders.

Arika Brar1, Abhimanyu Sharma2, Samal Nauhria3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Swai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND.

Cureus
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is a sensitive tool for diagnosing autoimmune bullous disorders (AIBD), especially when performed on snap-frozen sections. DIF enhances diagnostic yield in challenging cases, aiding differentiation from other skin conditions.

Keywords:
autoimmune bullous disordersbullous dermatosesdirect immunofluorescencehistopathology (hp)

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatopathology
  • Immunofluorescence
  • Autoimmune Bullous Disorders

Background:

  • Autoimmune bullous disorders (AIBD) present a diagnostic challenge due to heterogeneous presentations and clinical overlap.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of blistering skin conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histopathological spectrum of AIBD.
  • To evaluate the utility of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) on snap-frozen and paraffin-embedded sections for diagnosing AIBD and connective tissue disorders.
  • To compare the diagnostic efficacy of DIF on paraffin-embedded versus snap-frozen sections.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study (2017-2019) with 27 biopsies.
  • Retrospective analysis (2014-2017) with 25 biopsies.
  • Histopathological examination and DIF performed on all samples.

Main Results:

  • Pemphigus vulgaris was the most common AIBD (37% prospective, 36% retrospective).
  • DIF specificity was 81.25% (prospective) and 66.6% (retrospective on paraffin-embedded sections).
  • DIF positivity rate was higher on snap-frozen sections (81.25%) compared to paraffin-embedded sections (43.75%) in the prospective study.

Conclusions:

  • DIF is a sensitive diagnostic tool for immune-mediated bullous disorders, particularly on snap-frozen sections.
  • DIF improves diagnostic yield in cases with clinical and histological ambiguity.
  • Integrated clinical, histopathological, and immunofluorescence findings are essential for definitive diagnosis.